Y llynedd, cafodd 77 canfyddiad ledled Cymru eu hadrodd fel trysor, a phob un dros 300 oed. Fy hoff achosion trysor yw’r rhai sy’n cynnwys gemwaith, yn enwedig modrwyau. Ydy, maen nhw’n eitemau bach hardd, ond maen nhw hefyd yn eitemau personol iawn gyda stori i’w hadrodd bob un.

Dwi’n aml yn meddwl am beth ddigwyddodd i’r eiddo gwerthfawr hyn iddyn nhw gael eu canfod yn y ddaear. Efallai wedi’u colli tra’n cerdded drwy gefn gwlad, a’r perchennog ond yn sylweddoli mewn panig llwyr ar ôl cyrraedd adref. Ffrae rhwng cariadon efallai, gyda’r fodrwy yn cael ei thaflu ar draws cae wrth wylltio. Neu gofio anwylyd drwy osod y fodrwy yn rhywle oedd yn arbennig i’r ddau berson.

Cariad, mewn un ffordd neu’r llall, yw’r thema cyffredin yn fan hyn, felly i ddathlu dydd Gŵyl San Ffolant, dewch i edrych ar rai o’r modrwyau sydd wedi’u datgan yn drysor yng Nghymru yn ddiweddar.

Modrwy arysgrif yn dyddio o ddiwedd y 1600au i ddechrau’r 1700au (achos trysor 21.26 o Gymuned Esclusham, Wrecsam). Mae’r ysgrifen tu mewn yn darllen ‘Gods providence is our inheritance’.

Roedd modrwyau arysgrif yn cael eu defnyddio i rannu negeseuon o gariad, ffydd a chyfeillgarwch rhwng y rhoddwr a’r derbynnydd. Roedd gwisgo geiriau cudd yn erbyn y croen yn cynnig cysylltiad teimladwy a phersonol.

Modrwy fede neu ddyweddïo aur ganoloesol, wedi’i haddurno â dail a blodau wedi’u hysgythru (achos trysor 21.14 o Gymuned Bronington, Wrecsam).

Mae’r arysgrif ar yr ochr allanol yn dweud ‘de bôn cuer’ sef ‘o galon dda’. Mae’r fodrwy yn rhan o gelc o geiniogau a modrwyau yn dyddio yn ôl i Ryfeloedd y Rhosynnau ar ddiwedd y 15fed ganrif.

Modrwy aur, yn dyddio o 1712, (achos trysor 19.41 o Gymuned Llanbradach a Phwll-y-pant, Caerffili).

Mae arysgrif o’r llythrennau cyntaf A. D. ac E. P. ar bob ochr dwy galon wedi ymuno, gan gynrychioli enwau y cwpl sydd wedi dyweddïo neu briodi.

Cofiwch gadw llygaid ar ein cyfryngau cymdeithasol am ddatganiadau trysor newydd ac ewch i’n gwefan am ragor o wybodaeth.
https://amgueddfa.cymru/trysor/

Dwi am orffen gydag ambell i gwestiwn cyffredin am Drysor – mae gan bawb syniad o beth yw trysor, ond beth yn union mae’n ei olygu?

Sut mae Amgueddfa Cymru yn cymryd rhan mewn datganiadau Trysor?
Mae curaduron yn Amgueddfa Cymru yn rhoi cyngor arbenigol ac yn gwneud argymhellion i Grwneriaid ar achosion o drysor o Gymru. Maen nhw’n cymharu canfyddiadau gyda’r diffiniad cyfreithiol o drysor, fel yr amlinellir yn Neddf Trysorau 1996 a Deddf Trysorau 1996: Cod Ymarfer (3ydd Diwygiad) o 2023. Mae gennym ni Swyddogion Canfyddiadau’r Cynllun Henebion Cludadwy yn ein hamgueddfeydd, sy’n cydweithio â’r canfyddwyr, yn aml defnyddwyr datgelyddion metel, sy’n dangos eu canfyddiadau archaeolegol sy’n drysor ac sydd ddim yn drysor, gan eu galluogi i’w cael eu cofnodi a’u hadrodd.

Pam mai Crwner sy’n penderfynu ar achosion Trysor?
Mae rôl Crwneriaid mewn achosion trysor yn dod o ddyletswydd canoloesol y Crwner fel gwarchodwr eiddo’r Goron, sef y brenin neu’r brenhines o’r cyfnod. Yn y Saesneg Ganoloesol, roedd y gair coroner yn cyfeirio at swyddog y Goron, oedd yn deillio o’r gair Lladin corona, sy’n golygu ‘coron’.

Beth sy’n digwydd i ‘Drysor’?
Pan gaiff canfyddiadau eu datgan yn drysor gan Grwneriaid, maen nhw’n gyfreithiol yn dod yn eiddo’r Goron. Gall canfyddwyr a thirfeddianwyr hawlio gwobr, fel arfer yn derbyn 50% yr un o’r gwerth masnachol annibynnol a roddwyd ar y canfyddiad trysor. Mae’r Pwyllgor Prisio Trysorau, grŵp penodedig o arbenigwyr sy’n cynrychioli’r fasnach henebion, amgueddfeydd a grwpiau canfyddwyr, yn comisiynu ac yn cytuno ar yr gwerthoedd a roddir ar drysor. Gall amgueddfeydd achrededig sydd â diddordeb gaffael y trysor ar gyfer eu casgliadau ac er budd ehangach y cyhoedd, drwy dalu’r pris a roddwyd ar ganfyddiad. 
 

A penny and a brooch

Two rare objects have recently been kindly donated to Amgueddfa Cymru-National Museum Wales by metal detectorist, Pete Anning. One is a silver penny of King Aethelraed II (978-1013, also known as ‘The Unready’), probably minted in Gloucester during the 990s. The other is a fragment of a 7^th or 8^th century decorated copper alloy penannular brooch. Both objects were found in the same area in the Vale of Glamorgan.

The objects are unfortunately broken, but that does not lessen their archaeological importance, and the coin has been designated a find of national Welsh importance by the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS).

Dr Mark Redknap, Head of Collections and Research in the museum’s History and Archaeology Department, said of the brooch fragment:

“Any discovery of Early Medieval metalwork has special significance as we know so little - compared with the later Medieval period – about fashions and styles circulating around Wales. The surviving terminal is decorated with a recessed panel, ridges imitating filigree, and a central setting for a glass or amber stud. It belongs to a style of brooch characteristic of Western Britain.”

As neither of the objects are classed as treasure under the 1996 Treasure Act, they are legally the property of the finder and landowner, but luckily for AC-NMW, Pete generously decided to donate them to the museum’s collection.

Deciding to donate

Pete has been detecting for two years, and this is not the first time he has given away his finds:

“I think the most exciting thing I ever found was a Bronze Age axe head that I found after my friend (who is also a farmer) gave me call to say they had been clearing out some ditches and I might want to have a go in the spoil. After recording the find with Mark Lodwick (PAS Co-ordinator for Wales) I gave it to the farm and it now has pride of place on their mantelpiece. The axe had been there for over 3000 years and it didn’t seem right to take it away.”

When Pete found out that his penny and brooch fragments, as Welsh examples of Anglo-Saxon and Early Medieval objects, were important and rare, he decided that, “it was only right that the finds should be donated to the museum. Whether it’s 3000 years old or 30 years old, it all once had a purpose or meaning. Everything has a story.”

Once an object enters a museum collection, those stories can be told by archaeologists and other researchers, and the object will be conserved and looked after for future generations.

The value of donations

Donations are valued by museums as they do not always have a fund to purchase objects for their collections and have to rely on Friends groups or applications to funding bodies such as the Art Fund. In Wales, the Saving Treasures; Telling Stories project has been using its National Lottery funding to acquire treasure and some PAS-recorded objects for national and local collections since 2015, but this source will soon be coming to an end.

So, in the words of Dr Redknap, “We’re extremely grateful to Pete for his generous donation to the national collection.”

But whether finders donate, sell or keep their objects, Pete encourages everybody to get their finds recorded with PAS: “I had no idea what the early medieval brooch fragment was until Mark Lodwick saw it. I knew it was old…but that was it. If you’re not sure check – otherwise you could be throwing away some invaluable ancient history!”

The National Museum Cardiff was happy to host a behind the scenes tour to Brecon Detectorists, a group of keen treasure hunters who jumped at the opportunity to delve into the Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales archives.

David Hingley set up Brecon Metal Detecting club in 2011 and is enthusiastic about promoting responsible metal detecting to its members. “Everyone who comes through that door has a condition of membership – everything over a certain age has got to be registered for the Portable Antiquities Scheme, I insist upon it,” David explains. “We’re a small club, we’ve basically capped ourselves at 10. At the moment we’re 9, we’ve had a new guy just started, the big fella, Tom.”

And newcomer, Tom Haines, is no stranger to historical finds. Even before joining the club, he shared David’s passion for responsible detecting. While out walking his dog one day last year, Tom discovered a Bronze Age knife; which he reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme so it could be properly excavated.

“By reporting it, archaeologists might want to dig it, and that ended up being the case,” he recalls. “I could have taken it home, plonked it in my own collection and no one would have learnt anything from it and it would have just crumbled away. It’s being properly preserved and looked after and archaeologists can learn a lot from it.”

The knife was just the tip of the iceberg, however, and his discovery led archaeologists to unearth a Bronze Age burial site, complete with cremated human remains. “They found a bronze age pin in there so it was a good thing that I didn’t disturb that!” The knife and pin, as well as the urn in which they (and charred bone) were discovered is currently pending through the treasure process. The hoard will likely be acquired by Brecon Museum thanks to the Saving Treasures* project.

It’s this interest in preserving archaeological artefacts that brought the club to the museum – to discover just how important their finds can be to museum researchers, conservationists and of course, archaeologists and historians.

The club’s tour kick started in the stores with Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales Liaison Officer, Mark Lodwick, where they were able to view and handle some fascinating Bronze Age axe heads. Among them was a ribbed socketed axe head found in Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan back in 2013 that was curiously stuffed with another, bent axe head and (seemingly) ritualistically buried.

From the stores, the group moved onto the conservation labs. Conservationists Louise Mumford and Owen Lazzari were on hand to answer any queries they may have when it comes to storing their non-treasure finds and show the club some exciting pieces they are currently working on. One of the most impressive pieces was a Viking period sword from Hawarden, which had been wrapped in textile and showed traces of a horn grip – all of which had been preserved by the rust formed on the sword! When x-rayed, the amount of original metal sword that had been left was minimal, so if the rust had been removed, Louise would not have been able to find the horn and textile traces and the sword would have been indistinguishable. Luckily, with careful excavation the sword could be professionally conserved and the horn and textile discovered – these elements could easily have had all traces of removed if proper procedure was not followed.

Another fascinating find in the conservation labs was a late Iron Age or Romano-British tankard, found as part of a hoard at Langstone that was still mostly in-tact, the wood having been preserved – a very delicate piece indeed!

The club were then able to see artefacts come to life in the art department, with resident artist Tony Daley.

David Hingley believes the visit to the museum was very helpful for both himself and his members: “I can understand the need for detectorists to be instructed in how to handle and store artefacts, and that more literature should be made available.” He explained that he learnt a lot and this new information can be put into immediate practise within in the club. David already keeps his own extensive coin collection (all of which have been processed and recorded by Mark Lodwick at AC-NMW) in acid free paper envelopes – essential for preventing further metal corrosion!

 “All the clubs try to instigate in all their members that you’ve got to detect responsibly. You’ve got to have permission and you’ve got to have the right gear. If you dig a hole in someone’s field – you’ve got to look at it from your own perspective - What would you say to someone if they came into your back garden and dug a hole in your lawn and then left it without filling it? You’d go mad, wouldn’t you?”  But this isn’t the only aspect of responsible detecting and David is keen to promote the other obligations detecting requires, such as the preservation of the objects themselves, “I am continually preaching to our members!”

David feels that more metal detectorists could benefit from taking the time to learn about the role of museums and conservation in particular. “In the field you watch detectorists kick open clods to see what’s in it - they do not seem to understand that it could contain a very fragile artefact a couple of hundred years old; and they break it or they find equally fragile artefacts and put them in pockets and not containers.”

*Saving Treasures; Telling Stories is helping museums in Wales to acquire the important finds discovered by metal detectorists like David, Tom and their club members. For more information on the project, click here.

Hello, Michelle and Alisha here – we are third year journalism students from the University of South Wales.

We are at the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, on a one-week work placement with Saving Treasures; Telling Stories. We thought it would be interesting to study a topic completely unknown to us for our work experience, to broaden our understanding of history and how it affects us.

To begin our week, we were introduced to several museum professionals in the Archaeology department and had the opportunity to learn about the day to day running of museums and see all the work that goes on behind the scenes!  

Before working at the museum, we thought that treasure was what we’d seen in the movies - glittering chests of gold coins and shiny jewels! But when we were shown the stores in the cellar, we realised that not all artefacts are pretty to look at and many items declared treasure are of higher historical value than financial reward.

We were able to see the Conservation department, where they work to restore and carefully conserve items for the museum collections. This includes archaeological artefacts, but also pieces from the department of natural history.

After our initial exploration of the museum, our task for the week was to produce an article investigating how museums are funded and how beneficial donating archaeological finds can be to museum collections. In order to create the article, we were set a number of tasks, this included carrying out several over the phone interviews with museum curators from various museums across Wales. With plenty of research, we finally got down to business and wrote the feature, which will hopefully be published very soon!

We have really enjoyed our week in the museum, learning new things. We will miss our new friends – Alice and Rhianydd, who have been really kind and attentive during our placement. We look forward to coming back to visit and seeing new items being declared treasure.

For more information about the Saving Treasures; Telling Stories Project, in association with the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Portable Antiquites Scheme in Wales, click here.

Hello everyone, my name’s Eirini and I am a student intern in the Archaeology and Numismatics department at NMW, Cardiff. This post is the second in my series of blogs on the numismatics collection at the Museum. Last time I took a look at the collection of Ancient Greek coins and this week I am back to examine the Roman coin collection.

While the Ancient Greeks never set foot in Wales, the Romans invaded in AD 48 so there have been a great deal of Roman coins found and reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Here are a few of my favourites from the collections.

Hoard of silver denarii found in Wick, Vale of Glamorgan (c. AD 165)

The 2 oldest coins date back to the Republic and are both coins of Mark Anthony while the rest date to the Empire. The front side of all of the Empire coins have portraits of an emperor, ranging from Nero (AD 54-68) to Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180).

The most interesting aspect of this coin hoard is the variety of reverse designs on them! There are many coins dating to the reigns of Vespasian (AD 69-79) and Trajan (AD 98-117). These coins predominately feature deities and personifications on their reverse sides. Some examples of the deities featured include Jupiter, Hercules and Mars. One design that sticks out to me is the personification of peace (Pax) holding an olive branch, sceptre and cornucopia (a horn that symbolises abundance). Other personifications include Pietas (duty) and Felicitas (good fortune).

There is an extensive variety of other reverse types on the coins including representations of the emperor and his family, types of military conquest and victories, legionary types, geographical imagery, architecture, animals and propaganda.

I like how varied the imagery is on these Roman coins as later coins found in Sully (c. AD 320), Bridgend (c. AD 310) and Llanbethery (c. AD 350) as well as our modern coins tend to have the same, repeated imagery on their reverse.

Sully Hoard of copper-alloy coins (c. AD 320)

This hoard is one of the largest hoards of Roman coins found in Wales. An incredible 5913 coins were discovered in two locations, 3 metres apart in the South Wales coastal village of Sully.

The latest coins from this collection all have the same reverse design regardless of where they were minted, from London to Rome –they represent an early single currency with a standardised design not found in the earlier hoards.

However, the designs on these coins are more crude and less detailed than the earlier Roman finds.