Cymru – gwlad forwrol fodern?

Stemar tramp o Gymru yn llwytho glo mewn porthladd yng Nghymru - Y Radnor o Gaerdydd yn Nociau’r Barri ym 1925.

Stemar tramp o Gymru yn llwytho glo mewn porthladd yng Nghymru - Y Radnor o Gaerdydd yn Nociau’r Barri ym 1925.

Mae gan Gymru arfordir hir a rhyfeddol brydferth dros 850 o filltiroedd o hyd, a does unman yn y wlad ymhellach na deugain milltir o'r môr. Pa ryfedd felly i'r Cymry, dros y canrifoedd, brofi cyfnodau hir o forio brwd – ond nid felly bu hi erioed...

 

Y priffyrdd Celtaidd

Roedd teithio ar y môr yn bwysig yn y cyfnod cynhanesyddol, yn enwedig i'r seintiau Celtaidd. Mae archaeoleg yn datgelu i ba raddau y cai'r môr ei ystyried yn briffordd ganddynt, nid yn rwystr, ac mae'r faith bod yr un saint yn cael eu cofio yng Nghymru, Iwerddon, Cernyw a Llydaw yn brawf o'u teithio cenhadol.

Gyda dyfod y Llychlynwyr i reoli'r dyfroedd o amgylch Cymru dechreuodd y Cymry gefnu ar y môr, a hynny tan y 18fed ganrif pan fu'r Chwyldro Diwydiannol yn sbardun unwaith eto i fynd i forio. Roedd galw mawr am nifer o fwynau trwm o Gymru, a'r dull mwyaf economaidd o'u cludo oedd dros y môr, ar longau a adeiladwyd yng Nghymru ac a lywiwyd gan Gymry.

Glo stêm Cymru – tanwydd penna'r byd

Glo oedd y pwysicaf o lawer o'r mwynau a allforiwyd o Gymru. Dyma oedd tanwydd pennaf y byd â chanddo statws tebyg i olew heddiw, a dyma oedd sail economi Cymru o'r 1850au tan ymhell i'r ugeinfed ganrif. Doedd llongau oedd yn llosgi glo stêm de Cymru ddim yn dibynnu ar y gwynt a gallent gyrraedd pen eu taith yn gynt ac yn gyson, gan weddnewid agweddau o fywyd bob dydd.

Disgyn wnaeth y galw am lo stêm Cymru o'r 1920au ymlaen, ac erbyn 1957 olew oedd prif ffynhonnell ynni'r byd. Cafodd dirywiad diwydiannau trwm Cymru hefyd effaith ar ddiwydiant morwrol Cymru, gyda dociau'n cau a llai o Gymry'n mynd i'r môr. Heddiw, mae Cymru'n mewnforio mwy o ynni nag y mae'n allforio – fyddai neb wedi dychmygu hynny ganrif yn ôl!

Diwydiant twristiaeth

Mae'r môr yn denu miloedd o bobl i'r Gymru ôl-ddiwydiannol, ond i fwynhau, nid am fusnes. Ymhlith gweithgareddau morol yng Nghymru heddiw mae hwylio, syrffio, pysgota, arforgampau a gweithgareddau hamdden eraill. Twristiaeth erbyn hyn yw diwydiant mwyaf Cymru ac mae'r arfordir rhagorol yn allweddol wrth ddenu ymwelwyr i'r wlad.

Beachwatch 2013 - a great success

On Saturday 21st September Amgueddfa Cymru ran their annual Beachwatch event. This involved fantastic family science activities in the morning attended by 41 members of the public and seven members of staff. Participants looked at strandline and rockpool animals and seaweeds as well as fossilised corals and snails. Inspired by the fossils and shells that they had seen, the children went on to create wonderful pieces of artwork using Plaster of Paris on the wet sand of the beach.

After lunch, the volunteers gathered to clean the beach and do a litter survey recording all the items they found. The beach clean was attended by 59 volunteers including many of the families from the morning activities.

The results will be sent to the Marine Conservation Society who will collect the data from this beach and hundreds of other UK beaches that were cleaned this weekend. As well as making the beach safer for people and marine life, the Marine Conservation Society also use the data to find out where beach litter comes from and contribute to marine conservation.

As you can see from the photo we found a lot of rubbish including 9 tyres, half a canoe and a traffic cone! A huge thank you to our wonderful volunteers, Ogmore Beach now looks even more beautiful!

Museums are Good for You

Museums are brilliant and inspiring places, there can be no doubt about it. People visit museums for many, many reasons. Museums make you smarter, inspire, are a focus for the community and a great place to spend time with your friends and family. But what effect does a museum visit have on you? The entertainment factor of a museum makes you feel enjoyment. Understanding how things work raises your self-esteem. Appreciating the aesthetics of a great object stretches your imagination and is uplifting. And you get all of this in a calm and safe place. People definitely visit museums to feel good and if you need a bit of a lift I would wholeheartedly recommend you visit your local museum.

There is plenty of research to back all of this up. Museums make us happy – museum visits contribute more to wellbeing than arts and sports. Museums, especially if working in partnership with other organisations, can make a huge contribution to mental health (Museum Development North West Who Cares report). The economic benefits of museums are estimated to be in the order of £1.5 billion per year. And while many museums have reduced their own carbon footprints, the role the cultural sector play in driving wider societal change is also growing.

Museums have an enormous potential to change and develop communities. One of the best places to visit in any town and city for access to current research and new ideas is the museum. Museums are therefore best placed for being hot spots of community engagement. In this context, the Museums Association, through their new flagship campaign Museums Change Lives), encourages museums to be more proactive in making an impact on society and people’s wellbeing.

It is hard in the current financial climate especially for small museums with staff shortages, leaking roofs and paint peeling off the walls to continue this work. Fortunately, museums attract some of the most enthusiastic and resourceful staff and volunteers, who, despite these pressures, will do anything they can to ensure that museums continue to be good for you.

The Welsh Museums Federation’s ‘Linking Natural Science Collections in Wales’ project is supporting curators in 20 local museums around Wales. By providing training and information about natural science collections we are going to ensure the continued use of these collections for inspiration, learning and community focus. We are enabling curators to care for and use their natural science collections. This will help to ensure that museums in Wales can look into the future and still make us happy for many more years to come.

 

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LinkingCollectionsWales

3 days to Beachwatch!

BEATCHWATCH – Saturday 21 September

10.30am – 12pm. Amgueddfa Cymru staff will be running  fun family activities for the public to  help them learn about the biology and geology of Ogmore beach. They will be looking at rock pools, strandlines, rocks and fossils along the shore.This year we will also have a fun ART activity involving plaster of paris and seashells. These morning activities are now fully booked, but you can still come along in the afternnoon to help out with the beach clean.

1pm – 2.30pm. Help with the Marine Conservation Society’s annual beach clean (Open to all).

Where: Ogmore Beach, Vale of Glamorgan. Meeting on the beach at Ogmore beach car park – down the ramp in front of the lifeguard centre.

Suitable for all ages, hope to see you there.

A species new to science!

A new species of marine bristleworm (polychaete) has just been described in a collaboration between Amgueddfa Cymru and the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai. The species is a type of shovelhead worm, a group that get their name from the flattened head region used to burrow within sand. The new species was discovered in the Jiangsu Province of the Yellow Sea. The new species is called Magelona parochilis Zhou & Mortimer, 2013 and was published this month in the scientific publication, The Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

For more information on the museum’s research into this fascinating group of worms, see the following Rhagor article here and this web page.

Kate Mortimer