Mae casgliadau amgueddfeydd yn aml wedi’u gwreiddio mewn trefedigaethu a hiliaeth - ac nid yw Amgueddfa Cymru yn eithriad.

Mae mudiad Mae Bywydau Du o Bwys wedi sbarduno trafodaeth ynghylch y straeon gaiff eu hadrodd gan ein casgliadau a’n harddangosfeydd, gan alw arnom i wynebu ein hanes a herio anghydraddoldeb.

Mae gennym lawer mwy o waith i’w wneud er mwyn sicrhau bod ein casgliadau yn cynrychioli pawb, a’u bod yn rhoi darlun mwy cytbwys, cywir a dad-drefedigaethol o’n hanes. I helpu gyda’r gwaith hwn, rydym wedi datblygu siarter ar gyfer dad-drefedigaethu  casgliad Amgueddfa Cymru.

Rydym yn recriwtio ar gyfer Rheolwr Project, Dadgoloneiddio’r Casgliadau. Y dyddiad cau yw 13 Rhagfyr - ymgeiswch nawr i fod yn ran o ddad-drefedigaethu'r casgliadau cenedlaethol.

Diffinio Dad-drefedigaeth

Does dim un diffiniad penodol o ystyr dad-drefedigaethu, felly mae’r siarter yn esbonio beth mae’n ei olygu i Amgueddfa Cymru. Mae’n diffinio chwe maes allweddol lle byddwn ni’n gweithio gyda chymunedau perthnasol i ddad-drefedigaethu’r casgliad.

Ar hyn o bryd rydyn ni’n cynnal archwiliad o’n casgliad. Mae ein canfyddiadau hyd yn hyn yn dangos fod cysylltiadau â chaethwasiaeth wedi’u gwau i ffabrig cymdeithas Cymru. Mae gan bob storfa, pob silff, a phob oriel wrthrychau sydd angen eu dad-drefedigaethu.

Dros y misoedd nesaf byddwn yn cychwyn ar raglen o weithdai cymunedol i edrych yn fwy manwl ar y gwrthrychau hyn. I roi syniad i chi o’r math o wrthrychau fydd dan sylw, dyma ambell enghraifft o’r casgliad.

Ceiniog Sir Fôn

Roedd ceiniogau Sir Fôn yn llenwi pocedi sawl person tua diwedd y 18fed ganrif. Cafodd miliynau eu bathu gan Gwmni Mwyngloddio Parys gyda chopr o weithfeydd yr ynys, oherwydd prinder mewn arian mân swyddogol. Roedd Thomas Williams, partner gweithredol Cwmni Mwyngloddio Parys, yn eu defnyddio i dalu ei weithwyr, ond roedd y ceiniogau’n cael eu derbyn fel tâl ledled Prydain. Roedd y ceiniogau hyn yn gwneud trafodion bychan yn haws, ac yn hwb i’r fasnach gartref. Gwnaeth y ceiniogau hyn arian i Williams, ond daeth y rhan fwyaf o’i gyfoeth o’r diwydiant copr.

Cafodd copr o Fynydd Parys a mwyngloddiau eraill yng Nghymru ei ddefnyddio i wneud breichledau ‘manila’, gâi eu rhoi fel tâl i fasnachwyr caethweision yn Affrica. Câi copr Cymru hefyd ei ddefnyddio mewn llongau caethweision a llongau rhyfel y Llynges Frenhinol. Roedd y diwydiant copr yn allweddol wrth i Gymru droi’n wlad ddiwydiannol, a gwnaeth Thomas Williams ei ffortiwn yn ei sgil. Roedd y fasnach gaethwasiaeth yn cyfrannu at ei gyfoeth, a bu’n ymladd yn erbyn ei diddymu. Mae’r geiniog hon yn dangos y cyfoeth anferth a wnaed gan ddynion busnes o ganlyniad i gaethwasiaeth, ond hefyd sut y gwnaeth pobl gyffredin ar draws Cymru a Phrydain elwa.

Hances boced i goffáu’r Frenhines Fictoria

Roedd hancesi poced i goffáu digwyddiadau brenhinol, gwleidyddion, a brwydrau milwrol yn boblogaidd yn y 19eg ganrif. Roedden nhw’n hawdd i’w creu ac yn fforddiadwy. Gwnaed hon i goffáu Jiwbilî Diemwnt y Frenhines Fictoria ym 1897, 60 mlynedd ers iddi ddod yn frenhines. Roedd yr hances yn berchen yn wreiddiol i deulu o Ben-y-bont ar Ogwr, a chafodd ei rhoi i’r Amgueddfa ym 1954 dan y categori ‘ymweliadau a dathliadau brenhinol’. Mae’r dyluniad yn cynnwys delweddau o Fictoria a’i holynwyr, gyda baneri Jac yr Undeb, y Faner Frenhinol a’r Lluman Gwyn o boptu, a’r arysgrif ‘WORLD WIDE EMPIRE / INDIA / WEST INDIES / CANADA / AFRICA / AUSTRALIA / EGYPT / CHINA / 1837-1897 / QUEEN VICTORIA / EMPRESS OF INDIA.’ Mae’r hances boced yn enghraifft o wrthrychau ar draws ein casgliad sy’n dathlu a choffáu’r Ymerodraeth Brydeinig yn ddi-gwestiwn.

Coco de mer

Mae’r casgliad Gwyddorau Naturiol yn cynnwys pob math o sbesimenau - gan gynnwys mwynau prin, planhigion meddyginiaethol, a chofroddion hela - o wledydd gafodd eu trefedigaethu. Un enghraifft yw’r coco de mer (Lodoicea maldivica), neu’r gneuen goco ddwbl. Mae’n rhywogaeth sy’n endemig i Praslin a Curieuse, dwy o ynysoedd y Seychelles. Gwladychwyd y Seychelles gan Brydain ym 1794; a chafodd ei hannibyniaeth ym 1976.

Y coco de mer sy’n cynhyrchu’r hadau mwyaf yn y byd, ac maent yn werthfawr oherwydd eu siâp anarferol. Mae’n brin erbyn hyn, a chaiff ei warchod gan y Confensiwn ar y Fasnach Ryngwladol mewn Rhywogaethau sydd Mewn Perygl (CITES). Mae gennym chwe hedyn coco de mer yn ein casgliad, gan gynnwys un sy’n cael ei arddangos yn barhaol, ond ychydig a wyddom am sut y cawsant eu casglu. Mae gan y planhigyn le pwysig yn nhraddodiadau, diwylliant a chwedloniaeth y Seychelles, ond ni fu ymchwil trwyadl i’w arwyddocâd, ac nid yw’n cael ei gynnwys yn yr wybodaeth sydd gan yr Amgueddfa am y gwrthrych.

Jan van de Cappelle, Gosteg, 1654

Caiff Gosteg (1654) gan Jan van de Cappelle, a gaffaelwyd gan yr Amgueddfa ym 1994, ei ddisgrifio yn ein Llawlyfr fel ‘un o baentiadau morwrol gorau’r 17eg ganrif.’ Caiff y gwaith ei ddisgrifio fel arfer yng nghyd-destun ei safon a’i bwysigrwydd. Ond beth am edrych tu hwnt i’r wyneb, a thrin y gwaith fel dogfen hanesyddol y gellir ei weld a’i ddeall o sawl safbwynt? Beth sy’n digwydd i Gosteg ar ôl i ni dynnu’r lens trefedigaethol?

Erbyn y 17eg ganrif roedd gan yr Iseldiroedd drefedigaethau ledled y byd, ac roedd yn rhan o fasnach gaethweision yr Iwerydd. Yn ogystal â bod yn artist, roedd van de Cappelle yn fasnachwr cefnog o Amsterdam ac yn berchen ar waith lliwio. Roedd y paentiad hwn yn ddatganiad o gyfoeth a phŵer yr Iseldiroedd mewn cyfnod pan oedd imperialaeth ar gynnydd yn Ewrop. Ni wyddom beth yw hanes cynnar y paentiad, ond erbyn y 18fed ganrif roedd yn rhan o gasgliad Syr Lawrence Dundas (1712-1781), Albanwr oedd yn berchen ar blanhigfa a chaethweision yn y Caribî, ac un o fuddsoddwyr yr East India Company. Ydi’r ffeithiau hyn yn newid y ffordd ydyn ni’n edrych ar y llun hwn?

Coral Lands gan H. Stonehewer Cooper, 1880

Mae Llyfrgell yr Amgueddfa yn cynnwys casgliad o lyfrau teithio o’r 19eg ganrif, gyda hanesion teithiau wedi’u hysgrifennu o safbwynt Gorllewinol. Llyfrau ar gyfer cynulleidfa Ewropeaidd yw’r rhain, ac mae eu tôn yn adlewyrchu hyn. Yn aml byddai’r awduron yn cyfeirio at y manteision a’r cyfleoedd oedd yn codi o ddefnyddio adnoddau naturiol gwledydd, at ddibenion masnachol.

Un enghraifft o hyn yw Coral Lands, gan Herbert Stonehewer Cooper (1847-1906) a gyhoeddwyd ym 1880. Newyddiadurwr o Loegr oedd Cooper, a theithiodd i ynysoedd y Môr Tawel gan ysgrifennu am ei brofiadau. Yn ei gasgliad i’r llyfr, dywedodd ei fod yn teimlo bod dyletswydd ar lywodraeth Prydain i ofalu am drigolion yr ynysoedd, yn hytrach na “gadael y peth i ffawd”. Cafodd argraffiadau diweddarach o’r llyfr eu galw The Coral Lands of the Pacific: their Peoples and their Products sy’n awgrym cliriach o awydd Cooper i dynnu sylw at gyfleoedd masnachol i Brydain. Roedd yr Almaen wedi dechrau dangos diddordeb mewn trefedigaethu Samoa, ac mae modd edrych ar lyfr Cooper fel ymgais i berswadio Prydain i hawlio’r ynys, fel y gwnaethant yn Fiji ychydig flynyddoedd ynghynt.

Un o’r meysydd y byddwn yn canolbwyntio arno wrth i ni adolygu’r casgliadau yw sut y gwnaeth llyfrau fel hyn ar ddiwedd y 19eg ganrif gyfrannu at argraff Ewropeaidd o wledydd eraill a’u trigolion, gan annog ac atgyfnerthu syniadau ynghylch trefedigaethu.

Camau nesaf

Mae’r cam cyntaf o archwilio’r casgliadau Celf, Hanes ac Archaeoleg, Gwyddorau Naturiol a’r Llyfrgell yn sylfaen i ni wrth fynd ati i gydweithio gyda chymunedau ar draws Cymru i ddemocrateiddio a dad-drefedigaethu'r casgliad.

Gobeithiwn allu cynnig gwell diffiniad o beth yw ystyr dad-drefedigaethu casgliad yr Amgueddfa, gwella mynediad cymunedau at y gwrthrychau hyn, a gwella’r defnydd ohonynt yn y dyfodol. Byddwn yn gwerthfawrogi gwybodaeth, arbenigedd a phrofiadau cymunedau i greu gwell dealltwriaeth o’r casgliad trwy nifer o wahanol safbwyntiau.

Cadwch olwg am fwy o straeon a blogiau wrth i ni ddal i ymchwilio a datblygu gyda’n cymunedau. Ymunwch â ni ar ein taith tuag at ddad-drefedigaethu'r casgliad.

Yn y cyfamser, os oes diddordeb ganddo chi mewn ymgeisio am swydd yn dad-drefedigaethu'r casgliadau cenedlaethol, rydym yn recriwtio ar gyfer Rheolwr Project, Dadgoloneiddio’r Casgliadau. Y dyddiad cau yw 13 Rhagfyr - ymgeiswch nawr.

From my recent musings you may have deduced that my research is centred around a beautiful group of marine bristleworms, which are given the name shovel head worms. Most people will be unfamiliar with shovel head worms, but they may have come across other marine bristleworms such as ragworms and lugworms used as bait by sea fisherman (the latter also being responsible for the casts of sand you see on sandy beaches), or the ornamental feather duster worms that people often keep in aquaria.

The National Wool Museum Exhibition of Hope was launched in April 2020. This was of course during the beginning of the national lockdown and I think it is safe to presume that no one could have predicted how successful it would be!

With support from the Ashley Family Foundation and Community Foundation Wales, the aim was to collect enough 20cm or 8inch rainbow coloured squares in order to weave together a substantial rainbow blanket to be displayed in the National Wool Museum, and then eventually at the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea.

The idea of the rainbow colours was of course in accordance with the rainbow image, which during the national lockdown had became an important emblem.  The rainbow symbolised light at the end of the tunnel after a dark and uncertain time. The blanket would therefore hopefully become a symbol of peace, hope, community and spirit.

The project surpassed all expectations and collected in the range of 2,000 rainbow square pieces from all over the country. These squares were knitted, felted, woven or crocheted not only from wool, but from cotton, silk and other wonderful fibres that people had to hand.

 

 

Due to the overwhelming response and the restrictions placed on volunteers in meeting and creating one single blanket, a decision was made to make many blankets instead. As a result, museum staff and volunteers began joining the squares from home!

With now many blankets in the making, the project took off to a new level and purpose! Not only were these blankets going to become works of art, they would also be donated to charities, such as the homeless charity 'Crisis'. The project grew further when the South Wales branch of the 'Crisis' Charity shared the exhibition on their Facebook pages and even going as far as providing people with physical packs of wool and instructions.

The project further snowballed when it was featured in Adult Learners Week 2020, when two videos were released of National Wool Museum Craftsperson Non Mitchell showing how to create a felted and woven square.  Finally, maybe the biggest influence was when the Connect to Kindness Art Project, working alongside the Connect to Kindness Campaign and Carmarthenshire Association of Voluntary Services showcased the project in a collage of photos.

When I visited the exhibition recently, what I found fascinating is how, from humble beginnings, the project took on a life of its own and became more than simply helping create a blanket. Along with being beautiful pieces of art that could be enjoyed on their own merit, the blankets would now also help people in a physical and practical way!

In my opinion, what was lovely was how the exhibition has captured the array of positive feelings it had stirred in the volunteers and museum staff who took part in the project. I’m sure this was a somewhat unexpected or underestimated result of the project!

It was clear from the messages and notes received with the blanket squares, that it had brought many a sense of joy, achievement, comfort and a feeling of purpose. The blanket had brought people a sense of belonging and highlighted the feeling of community and what can be achieved when people "pull together" 

This is perhaps the most interesting factor of the project for me - the stories of those creating the squares. I am delighted that the exhibition is reflecting this by showing "stories of the squares" in a video to go along with the exhibition, which will also be available online.

I had the pleasure of watching the video when I visited the exhibition in Drefach Felindre, and it was amazing to hear of the different stories of those behind the squares. There were stories of the project uniting family and friends along with chapels and schools. The exhibition includes an image of rainbow hands by the children of Ysgol Penyboyr.

The effort which some had gone to was also amazing. A big shout out to Elwyna who knitted 350 squares!  One lady had even naturally dyed her wool in different rainbow colours.

One of the stories I found touching was of a lady who had recently lost her mother and who had left her a stash of yarn, mostly from America. Her mother had taught her to crochet and she felt the project was an amazing way to honour her mother's memory.

Crocheting also helped her deal with the grief during this time as she found it therapeutic and relaxing. Others also spoke of the art of crocheting and making the squares as being a therapeutic and relaxing process.

Another heart warming story was of how someone struggled with her memory and was overjoyed to discover that she remembered how to crochet.

These stories and indeed the whole exhibition being so visually bright and beautiful was very uplifting in what is still a fairly uncertain time.  The words of one volunteer perfectly summed up the meaning of the project for me - although we couldn’t "be together, we could work together".

The exhibition can be seen in the National Wool Museum of Wales until mid January 2022. A walk around the exhibition will also be available online. The Exhibition will move to Swansea’s Waterfront Museum in July 2022 - October 2022.

A lovely informal evening of cocktail making with Rob Jones, founder and editer of 'Blasus' Magazine. 'Blasus' is a bilingual, independent magazine, which aims to explore the stories, people and creativity behind the welsh food scene.

On the menu were the cocktails Cosmopoliton, Gin or Ange Crush and The Gin Fizz. The cocktails included vodka (five) from Penderyn, Blood orange and Rosemary Gin from Treganna Gin and a Welsh Sisters Gin.

I am not a cocktail connoisseur and I was a bit daunted that the cocktails would be complicated to make and that I would need an endless list of equipment and ingredients! This was farther from the truth, in fact the cocktails were easy to make and all I needed equipment wise was a knife, measurer, chopping board and if I didn’t have a cocktail shaker, I could use a flask! All three were in fact delicious and easy to make!

The concentration of the evening was of course on using Welsh produce and speaking directly to those who produced them. It was fabulous to hear about the various processes of distillation, the products themselves and of course about the people behind the products, especially as I do not have a lot of knowledge about the processes of making spirits! In fact, one of the facts I learnt was that all gins must contain juniper berries otherwise the drink can not  be defined as gin by law.

First up was Penderyn Whisky and spirits. Penderyn whisky is of course well known In Wales, but it is also well known all over the world and is available in 45 countries! On its way it has picked up over 70 double Gold/Gold/Masters awards! Such has been the success of their whisky and spirits, a new distillery opened in Llandudno in May 2021 and there are plans for a further distillery to be built in Swansea in 2022! Although it all began with whisky, they also do a fabulous selection of gin, rum, and vodka which was used in The Gin Fizz cocktail.

The succsess of Penderyn Whisky is impressive stuff considering it began with an idea by a group of friends in a pub in Hirwaun!  I suppose the pub is where most great ideas are dreamt up!  Whisky distilling in Wales was a lost art in the 1990's and this group of friends dreamed of creating a pure and precious Welsh whisky. They chose the village of Penderyn for its creation because of the supply of fresh natural spring water there.

We were told that one of the keys to Penderyn's success was the use of a single copper pot which enabled the all female distillery team to create a clean and flavourful spirit at an industry high of 92% ABV. This is very high in comparison to other distilleries who use the three pot lantern system which produces a spirit that comes off at a industry standard of 67% ABV.

At Penderyn, Whisky is aged and charred in the finest bourbon casts to remove any undesirable  chemical compounds and then is married with the water from the Brecon Beacons! A fabulous combination indeed!

Despite its amazing achievements, the Penderyn brand was no overnight success, it took over 12 years for Penderyn whisky to make profit! I guess good things do come to those who wait!

Next up was Mark Flanagan from Treganna Gin. A one man band with his wife helping with the "admin side" in a distillery in the surburban area of Canton, Cardiff where the gin is  distilled in small batches using copper alembic sills.

Mark was an actor and while finding that work was drying up decided in 2018 to embark on a gin making enterprise. He confessed that gin making was far quicker and a far less complicated process than whisky making!

All was going well with the business plan done, equipment bought and a website established. Then disaster struck- the pandemic! Instead of wallowing though, Mark decided to make hand sanitizer for the local community, seeing as he had the equipment to make it! This in turn gave him some positive exposure, which in turn helped him build his successful brand of gin.

Whilst thinking and experimenting with flavours he came up with the delicious combination of blood orange and rosemary gin. He went about to source the best oranges from Sicily, but again disaster struck when a volcano eruped in Sicily! Mark thought that this was the end of his Sicily orange dream! However, the oranges made it over even though his supplier did admit that they did initially "have some ash on them"!

From what began as a home project producing 20 bottles of gin at a time, a change of location and upgrade in equipment has meant that he is now producing 200 bottles in one go and even sells his gin at the St Ffagans National Museum History shop. You can also buy direct from his website with free delivery and free hand delivery in Cardiff! Mark admits that he prefers if you buy from him direct as he gets more profit this way!

 

Finally, Welsh Sisters gin, two sisters (Becky and Tania) originally from Cardiff, now create and sell award winning dry gin in a old draper's shop called Manchester House at the top of the town of New Quay in Ceredigion. Beginning in 2019, they now sell gin all over the world and their gin 'Morwyn' was awarded Best Contemporary Gin at the Welsh Gin Awards 2021.

The sea and the inspiring tales of women in their community is a huge influence and theme in their gin creations leading to gins named 'Morwyn', Portside and The Captain's Wife. Each gin has its own distinctive flavour and a unique story of women and their experiences of the sea.

The gin name 'Morwyn' was inspired by a sea goddess called 'Morwyn' who loved Rhysen a fisherman who dwelt in Ceredigion during ancient times. The gin Portside is in homage to the captain's wife who when pulled into port seeked her other sea sisters and spent time with them on portside. Whilst the gin The Captains wife is in reference to those Welsh woman from New Quay who sailed the world and who were even accomplished enough to take the ships wheel in the eye of a storm.

Their passion of the sea comes of course partly from growing up on the coast and from the experiences of their parents of the sea. Their father was a captain of square-riggs and windjammers in the West Indies. Whilst their mother was a descendant of the Kidwelly "wreckers" who looted ship wrecks.

In fact, such is their passion for the sea, they donate 1% of the sale each of 'Morwyn' and The Captain's Wife gin to the whale and dolphin conservation. Along with producing great gins these two sisters are leaving a wonderful legacy to the future of their beloved ocean.

And just like that it was the end of the session. An enjoyable, informative and relaxed evening with the added bonus of some lovely drinks! Next time you are after some spirits, please consider these Welsh made gems.

Helo Cyfeillion y Gwanwyn,

Rwyf isio rhoi diolch mawr i chi gyd am eich gwaith caled yn plannu eich bylbiau. Wnaethom ni plannu dros 10,000 o fylbiau ar draws y DU! Mi welais o’r llunia chafodd pawb llawer o hwyl yn helpu!

Wnaeth Cofnodion Tywydd cychwyn ar 1 Tachwedd. Mae 'na adnoddau dysgu ar y wefan i helpu paratoi am gymryd cofnodion tywydd. Rwyf wedi atodi hyn rhag ofn bod rhai heb ei gweld eto. Mae’r adnodd hyn yn helpu ymateb cwestiynau pwysig fel pam yw mesur tywydd yn bwysig i’n harbrawf.

Defnyddiwch eich siart tywydd i gofnodi'r glaw a’r tymheredd pob ddiwrnod y ydych yn yr ysgol. Ar ddiwedd yr wythnos, cofnodwch mewn i’r wefan i rannu eich canfyddiadau. Fedrwch hefyd gadael sylwadau a chwestiynau i fi ymateb yn fy blog nesaf!

Plîs gadewch i mi wybod sut ydych yn wneud, a rhannwch luniau trwy Twitter ac e-bost.

Daliwch ati Gyfeillion y Gwanwyn,

Athro’r Ardd

 

Sylwadau a rhannwyd hefo'r wythnos gyntaf o ddata tywydd:

Stanford in the Vale Primary School: This week was frosty and we had some frost in the morning. We’re looking forward to seeing the weather changes.

Oaklands Primary: Hi Professor Plant - it's been a dry but cold week here in Aberaman. Our first frosty day on Monday, lovely sunshine after a very rainy Hallowe'en which washed away all our labels. Luckily, we know which way round our bulbs were planted and we decided as a class that we'd make sure we look after everyone's pots so it doesn't matter that they are not individually named at the moment. Phew! See you next week!

Ysgol Penalltau: Diolch am y bylbiau, ond dim glaw yr wythnos yma!

Pil Primary School: It has been very cold and dry this week.

Darran Park Primary: The weather is a lot colder and drier this week

St Josephs Cathedral Primary: No rain records as rain gauge was lost. We have found this now so will take records from next Monday.

Ysgol Gymraeg Dewi Sant: Roedd y glawiad yn uchel dydd Llun oherwydd fod llawer o law wedi syrthio dros hanner tymor.