Gweithio Dramor - Ymfudo o Gymru

Dylanwad yr ymfudwyr Cymreig

Yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg a'r ugeinfed ganrif, symudodd miliynau o bobl o bob cwr o'r byd i wledydd eraill i chwilio am waith. Roedden nhw am newid eu bywydau, blasu arferion gwaith newydd neu gael antur mewn gwlad wahanol.

Aeth llawer ohonyn nhw o Cymru â'n sgiliau diwydiannol traddodiadol gyda nhw. Helpodd rhai i greu llwyddiant economaidd parhaol yn eu gwledydd newydd. Aeth eraill ati i addasu eu sgiliau neu i ddysgu sgiliau newydd. Llwyddodd rhai i ennill arian a bri mawr. Cafodd eraill fywydau llwyddiannus mwy di-nod, gan ymgartrefu a magu teuluoedd. Daeth rhai nôl adref wedyn, ond ni welodd eraill eu mamwlad byth eto.

Yma byddwn yn dangos y gwahanol ddiwydiannau o Gymru a allforiodd weithwyr ac arbenigedd i bedwar ban y byd. Beth oedd y diwydiannau a'r sgiliau hyn? I le aeth y gweithwyr? Pam oedd pobl yn gadael, a sut? Pa werthoedd a thraddodiadau aeth gyda nhw? Pa effaith gafodd eu hymadawiad ar Gymru?

Glofa Cymreig, Kentucky

Glo

"Roedd ein diwydiant glo'n llewyrchus dros ben tua diwedd y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg a dechrau'r ugeinfed ganrif. Roedd y byd cyfan yn troi aton ni am arbenigedd a chyngor."

[gweld mwy]

Mwynglawdd copr Burra Burra, 1874.

Copr

"Cymru oedd yn arwain y diwydiant mwyndoddi copr yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg. Roedd y gweithfeydd yn ardaloedd Abertawe a Threffynnon yn cynhyrchu mwy na hanner copr y byd i gyd."

[gweld mwy]

 

John Davies o Dalsarnau, Gwynedd, gyda'i frawd a'i gyfaill. Reoddynt yn chwilio am aur yn Queensland, Awstralia yn y 188au

Aur

"Mae pobl wedi bod yn mwyngloddio aur yng Nghymru'n ysbeidiol ers miloedd o fynyddoedd, ond ni chyfogodd y diwydiant lawer o weithwyr erioed. Serch hynny, ymunodd llawer o Gymry â'r 'Rhuthrau am Aur' enwog yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg."

[gweld mwy]

Gweithwyr Cymreig yn y gweithfeydd haearn yn Hughesovka. John Hughes yw'r ail o'r dde yn y rhes flaen

Haearn

"Cymru oedd yn arwain y ffordd yn y gwaith o ddatblygu'r diwydiant haearn ym Mhrydain ac nid yw'n syndod felly mai ymfudwyr o Gymru oedd llawer o arweinwyr y diwydiant rhyngwladol yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg."

[gweld mwy]

 

Bangor, Pennsylvania

Llechi

"Defnyddiwyd llechi fel deunydd toi yn Ewrop. Allforiwyd llechi o Gymru i bob cwr o'r byd ar gyfer projectau adeiladu pwysig. Roedd y ffaith i lechi gael eu darganfod mewn llawer o wledydd gwahanol yn un o nifer o ffactorau economaidd a barodd i weithwyr o Gymru symud i'r ardaloedd hynny."

[gweld mwy]

Gwaith Dur Lithgow, New South Wales, Awstralia, 1920s

Dur

"Addaswyd llawer o'r canolfannau haearn i greu dur, sy'n ddeunydd cryfach, mwy amlbwrpas. Nid yw'n syndod i'r Cymry wneud cyfraniad pwysig at y newid hwn."

[gweld mwy]

 
Metropolis

a adeiladwyd ar gyfer William Thomas ym 1885.

Llongau

"Mae gan Gymru 1,200km (750 milltir) o arfordir a hanes morwrol hir. Teithiodd morwyr o Gymru dros y byd i gyd yn allforio nwyddau o Gymru ac yn mewnforio deunyddiau crai ar gyfer diwydiant. Roedd llongau Cymreig ymysg y mwyaf adnabyddus ym maes masnach forwrol ac roedd perchnogion y cwmnïau ymysg y bobl fwyaf cefnog."

[gweld mwy]

Carreg chwarela, Randolph, Wisconsin

Mwyngloddio Metel

"Roedd y gweithwyr Cymreig yn enwog am eu harbenigedd ym maes mwyngloddio. Yn ogystal â glo, roedden nhw'n gallu cloddio am aur, haearn, plwm a chopr."

[gweld mwy]

 

John Williams

Tunplat

"Cymru hefyd oedd un o brif gyfenwyr y byd ym maes cynhyrchu tunplat. Ar ddechrau'r 1890au cynhyrchwyd dros 80% o dunplat y byd yn ne Cymru."

[gweld mwy]

Morgan C. Jones, (ar y dde), nai Morgan Jones oedd yn gweithio dros yr un cwmni

Diwydiannau Eraill

"Nid pawb yng Nghymru oedd yn gweithio yn y diwydiannau trwm 'traddodiadol' wrth gwrs. Roedd llawer yn gweithio mewn diwydiannau eraill ac aethant ati i drosglwyddo'r sgiliau roedden nhw wedi eu dysgu mewn pyllau, ffowndrïau a gweithfeydd i weithleoedd eraill."

[gweld mwy]

 

Cartŵn o'r Western Mail, 1928

Patrymau Ymfudo

"Nid pawb a adawodd Gymru am fywyd newydd dramor ffarweliodd â'u mamwlad am byth. Daeth llawer o bobl adref am bob math o resymau. Yr enw am hyn yw mudo yn ôl."

[gweld mwy]

Bois Breaker yn Pennsylvania. Dechreuodd nifer o fechgyn ifanc o Gymru weithio'n ifanc iawn yn America.

Radicaliaeth

"Roedd gweithwyr diwydiannol o Gymru'n dod o ardaloedd lle'r oedd yr undebau llafur trefnus iawn. Roedden nhw'n adnabyddus am sefyll dros eu hawliau, amodau gwaith diogel a chyfogau teg."

[gweld mwy]

 

Eglwys Hen Saron, yr eglwys Gymreig gyntaf yn Minnesota, 1856

Diwylliant Cymraeg

"Fel llawer o ymfudwyr eraill, aeth y Cymry â'u diwylliant i'r gwledydd newydd gyda nhw. Mewn lle dieithr a newydd, roedd cadw caneuon, straeon, ieithoedd a thraddodiadau cyfarwydd yn helpu ymfudwyr i ymdopi â'r anghyfarwydd."

[gweld mwy]

Paratoi bwyd ar gyfer Cymanfa Ganu, Eglwys Peniel, Pickett, Wisconsin,1946.

Menywod

"Er taw dynion oedd y mwyafrif o'r gweithwyr diwydiannol, roedd menywod yn bwysig iawn i'r cymunedau mudol."

[gweld mwy]

 

California, UDA

Enwau llefydd

"Roedd hi'n gyffredin i ymfudwyr o bob gwlad enwi eu haneddiadau newydd ar ôl llefydd yn eu mamwlad. Roedd hyn yn ffordd o ddathlu eu hunaniaeth a chadw cysylltiad â'u mamwlad."

[gweld mwy]

sylw (16)

Nid yw sylwadau ar gael ar hyn o bryd. Ymddiheuriadau am yr anghyfleustra.
Lily Mazurek
4 Mawrth 2022, 01:37
are there any known migrations of Welsh, perhaps a single miner even, to the Transylvanian (Hu variant) part of Romania, in ancient times? I mean between , say, 700-1500 or so?
Helen Varney
10 Ionawr 2021, 12:37
I am researching my mum's Welsh family and I have been told by the family that my great grandfather Enoch Davies travelled to South Africa to work in the gold mines. This would have been in the early 1900s. He returned after a few years. I have looked for him in the passenger lists on Ancestry but the only record that could be him is a returning passenger to Southampton in 1909 occupation 'smelter'. I have been unable to find any earlier record of his travel to South Africa. Do you have any recommendations on where to look to research this further?

Regards,
Helen Varney
Barry Dougan
3 Hydref 2020, 15:00
Does anyone know of any research into Welsh emigration to Ayrshire and other parts of Lowland Scotland, in the 19th century?
Jennifer Protheroe-Jones Staff Amgueddfa Cymru
20 Ebrill 2020, 16:12

Dear Marilyn Lane,

Thank you for your enquiry.

The most promising UK sources to trace emigrants abroad are:

* Outgoing passenger lists of people leaving the UK exist from 1890 to 1960 and are held by The National Archives in class BT 27 (https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C3070 ). Systematic records of emigrants were not kept by the UK prior to 1890.

* Passports were not formally required to travel abroad until 1914 but some people did apply for them in earlier periods; a register of passport applications and of passports issued from 1794 to 1948 are held by The National Archives in class FO 610 (https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7911 ).

* Local newspapers often reported on the migration abroad of local residents; a useful selection of Welsh newspapers has been digitised by Welsh Newspapers Online (https://newspapers.library.wales ). A complete list of all Welsh newspapers with details of where runs may be consulted was made by the Newsplan Wales project (https://www.newsplanwales.info/s002.php ).


Much will depend upon when your ancestor emigrated because as you can see from the sources I listed above, records of emigrants are very in complete prior to the late 19th century.

It was not uncommon for relatives who received letters from emigrants to make extracts from them available for publication in local newspapers (see above).

I have no direct knowledge of Australian sourves but am aware that it had extensive systems to record emigrants arriving and carried out regular censuses, and these record systems improved over time. You would need to enquire with Australian archives to find out what is available and how it can be accessed.

I believe that many of the useful Australian collections are online through major family history websites (most of these charge fees for access).

The most important facts to confirm will be when he emigrated to Australia and which part of the country he initially lived in. This information will greatly help you in further research, as you will be able to focus on relevant records in various collections.

I am sorry that Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales does not hold collections relevant to your enquiry and hope that these suggestions may be useful to you.

Yours sincerely,

Jennifer Protheroe-Jones
Prif Guradur - Diwydiant / Principal Curator - Industry

Lane
18 Ebrill 2020, 05:58
Who was the first lane to come over on a ship his name was Arthur Charles lane in 1800s who was his parents lm trying to find my husband's family they moved to Newcastle Australia 1800s
Nia Martin-Evans Staff Amgueddfa Cymru
23 Rhagfyr 2019, 15:56

Hi Ron,
Thank you very much for your enquiry. I've asked our Principal Curator of Industry to take a look at your question. We will get in touch with an answer using the email address you provided.
Kind regards,
Nia
(Digital team)

Ron
21 Rhagfyr 2019, 19:35
Is there a list of Welsh teachers sent to Russia in 19th century?
Marc Haynes Staff Amgueddfa Cymru
29 Mai 2019, 14:58

Dear Abigail Jones,

Thank you very much for your enquiry. Our Principal Curator of Industry will contact you using the email address you have provided.

Best wishes,

Marc
Digital Team

abigail jones
22 Mai 2019, 16:00
Dear Sir/Madam,
I have tried in vain to find anything about a great aunt of mine( Anne Lewis born 1868 in possibly Ynysmardy street/ Regent Street/ Briton ferry. Glamorgan. Wales. u.k) she emigrated to South Africa around the 1900 and I know she was alive about 1970 living in Johannesburg with her family sadly we have lost touch with her family. I have tried to locate passenger lists ect but it has not giver me much hope i would very much appreciate any or all the information you can supply I remain most sincerely Mrs Abigail Jones
Marc Haynes Staff Amgueddfa Cymru
17 Rhagfyr 2018, 11:25

Hi Lena,

Thank you very much for your enquiry. Our Principal Curator of Industry has contacted you using the email address you provided.

Best wishes,

Marc
Digital Team