Darganfod T. Leigh: canfod peintiwr coll

Gan weithio ar y cyd â Phrifysgol Concordia, Montreal, mae ymchwilwyr yn Amgueddfa Cymru wedi datgelu gwybodaeth newydd am fywyd a gwaith y peintiwr portreadau anadnabyddus, Thomas Leigh. Credir bellach bod dau beintiwr o'r enw Thomas Leigh — tad a mab — ond gobeithio y gellir darganfod mwy o baentiadau fydd yn gymorth i dynnu'r llen ar ddirgelwch bywyd y teulu hwn o beintwyr.

T. Leigh: yr enigma

Gall gwneud ymchwil i waith peintiwr anadnabyddus o'r 17eg ganrif fod yn dasg anodd. Weithiau, y gwaith a orffennwyd yw'r unig beth ar ôl o fywyd yr artist, ac felly oedd hi gyda Thomas Leigh.

Ym 1941, cyhoeddodd yr hanesydd celf Maurice Brockwell apêl am wybodaeth am y peintiwr 'di-nod' T. Leigh gan nodi; 'It is strange that we still know nothing about his origin, place and date of birth... marriage, and death,'.1

Dim ond trwy ei lofnod y gwyddid am Leigh ar y pryd, a hynny ar chwe phortread gan gynnwys un o Robert Davies o Wysane. Doedd dim sicrwydd beth oedd ei enw cyntaf hyd yn oed.

Mae nifer o bortreadau eraill gan Leigh wedi eu canfod ers hynny, gan ddod a'r cyfanswm i un deg tri.

Fig.1: Thomas Leigh, <em>Robert Davies III o Wysane</em>, 1643, NMW A 20

Fig.1: Thomas Leigh, Robert Davies III o Wysane, 1643, NMW A 20

Fig.2: Thomas Leigh, <em>Anne Davies</em>, 1643, NMW A 21

Fig.2: Thomas Leigh, Anne Davies, 1643, NMW A 21

Rhestr o bortreadau gan Thomas Leigh

    • Robert Davies o Wysane, 1643 (Amgueddfa Cymru, ffig.1)
    • Anne Davies o Wysane, 1643 (Amgueddfa Cymru, ffig.2)
    • Eleanor Mutton (Eyton yn ddiweddarach), 1643 (lleoliad anhysbys)
    • Robert Davies o Wysane, 1643 (casgliad preifat)
    • Anne Davies o Wysane, 1643 (casgliad preifat)
    • Eleanor Mutton, 1643 (casgliad preifat)
    • Margaret Lloyd o Esclus, 1643 (casgliad preifat)
    • Robert Ashley, c.1656 (Llyfrgell Middle Temple, Llundain)
    • Aston Cokayne, c.1635-40 (lleoliad anhysbys)
    • Boneddiges Anhysbys a elwir yn Iarlles Derby, 1634 (lleoliad anhysbys)
    • Thomas Heyton, 1634 (Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol, Trerice)
    • Isabel Heyton, 1634 (Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol, Trerice)
    • David, Iarll 1af Barrymore (lleoliad anhysbys)
Fig.3: Artist Prydeinig anhysbys, <em>Y Fonesig Mutton</em>, tua 1640, NMW A 3742

Fig.3: Artist Prydeinig anhysbys, Y Fonesig Mutton, tua 1640, NMW A 3742

Fig.4: Artist Prydeinig anhysbys, <em>Syr Peter Mutton</em>, 17eg ganrif, NMW A 3741

Fig.4: Artist Prydeinig anhysbys, Syr Peter Mutton, 17eg ganrif, NMW A 3741

Fig.5: Artist Prydeinig anhysbys, <em>Llanerch, Sir Ddinbych, Cymru</em>, c. 1667, Canolfan Celf Brydeinig Yale, Casgliad Paul Mellon B1976.7.115

Fig.5: Artist Prydeinig anhysbys, Llanerch, Sir Ddinbych, Cymru, c. 1667, Canolfan Celf Brydeinig Yale, Casgliad Paul Mellon B1976.7.115

Chwilio am beintiwr coll

Er mwyn canfod person 'coll' mae'n rhaid chwilio trwy doreth o ddogfennau a rhestrenni mewn archifau lleol, a gellir canfod pethau hynod.

Mae'r cyfeiriad cynharaf ato yn dangos bod Leigh yn Llundain ym 1613/14, lle cafodd ei wysio i'r llys ddwy waith: y tro cyntaf am ryddhau carcharor, a'r ail dro am ddadlau â chychwr!2 Mae'n debyg iddo adael Llundain am Gaer.

Cafwyd tro yng nghynffon y stori wedi darganfod dogfen yn archifau Caer. Ym 1642 cyflogodd y peintiwr Edward Bellen ddau jermon newydd: Thomas Leigh a'i fab.3 Awgrymai'r dystiolaeth newydd hon bod dau beintiwr o'r enw 'T. Leigh', tad a mab, a'u bod yn gweithio gyda'u gilydd am gyfnod.

Gwr o Gaer?

Yn ogystal â gweithio yn Swydd Gaer, mae'r dystiolaeth yn awgrymu eu bod yn hanu o'r sir yn wreiddiol. Efallai na fyddwn ni byth yn medru eu canfod fodd bynnag, gan fod bron i ugain Thomas Leigh wedi'u cofrestru yno yn y 17eg ganrif — a dyna'r rhai y gwyddon ni amdanynt!

Roedd cymuned fawr o beintwyr yn gweithio yng Nghaer yn y 17eg ganrif. Byddai'r rhan fwyaf yn peintio tai, arfbeisiau a herodrau, ond trodd rhai at bortreadau, gan ateb galw cynyddol gan y dosbarth uwch am botreadau i arddangos yn eu plastai yn y wlad.

Tramorwyr oedd nifer o'r peintwyr portreadau a weithiau ym Mhrydain yn ystod y cyfnod, a thrwy hyn fe gyflwynwyd arddulliau a thechnegau newydd a ddylanwadodd ar beintwyr Prydain. Ganwyd Cornelius Johnson i rieni o'r Iseldiroedd, ac mae'n debyg i'w naturoliaeth dawel ddylanwadu ar Leigh. Mae rhai yn credu iddo dderbyn hyfforddiant ganddo hyd yn oed.4

Portreadau'r teulu Davies

Mae dau bortread gan Thomas Leigh yn yr Amgueddfa — portread o Robert Davies o Wysane, a'i wraig Anne (ffigyrau 1a 2). Peintiwyd y ddau ym 1643 i'w harddangos yn Neuadd Llannerch, cartref rhieni Anne, Syr Peter Mutton a'i wraig (ffigyrau 3-5). Peintiodd Leigh bortread o chwaer Anne Eleanor hefyd, ond mae lleoliad presennol y llun yn anhysbys.

Roedd hi'n arferol i beintwyr gopïo portreadau ar gyfer gwahanol aelodau o'r teulu, ac fe beintiodd Thomas Leigh sawl fersiwn unfath i'w harddangos yn ystâd teulu Davies, Gwysane.

Wyddon ni ddim pam y comisiynodd y teulu Davies y grŵp hwn o bortreadau. Ddegawd ynghynt, priododd Robert ag Anne ‐ oedd yn 12 oed ar y pryd — gan uno ystadau Gwysane a Llannerch.

Allwch chi helpu?

Anaml y byddai peintwyr ar ddechrau'r 17eg ganrif yn llofnodi eu gwaith, ond mae'r Leighs wedi gadael dau lofnod gwahanol. Efallai taw llofnod y tad yw un a llofnod y mab yw'r llall, ond mae'n anodd profi hyn.

Dos dim dwywaith nad oes portreadau eraill gan Thomas Leigh sy'n dal heb eu darganfod. Ydych chi wedi gweld ei lofnod ar bortread sydd heb gael ei restru yma? Efallai taw dyna'r darn jig-so olaf, fydd yn datgelu'r cyfan am ddirgelwch bywyd y teulu hwn o beintwyr!

Llofnod 1

Llofnod 1

Llofnod 2

Llofnod 2

Llyfryddiaeth Bellach

Stephanie Roberts a Robert Tittler, 'Discovering 'T.Leigh': Tracking the elusive portrait painter through Stuart England and Wales', British Art Journal X1:2 (2010/11), tud.24-30

Nodiadau

  1. Maurice Brockwell, 'T.Leigh, Portrait-Painter, 1643', Notes&Queries rhif181 (Awst, 1941), tud.119
  2. 'Sessions, 1613: 28 and 30 June' and 'Sessions, 1614: 5 and 6 May', County of Middlesex. Calendar to the sessions records: new series, cyfrol1: 1612-14 (1935), tud. 117-154 a 400-452;
  3. Chester Archive MS G17/2, Minutes of the Company of Painters, Glaziers, Embroiderers and Stationers of Chester 1620-1836, unpagenated vide 1642
  4. J. D. Milner, 'Two English Portrait Painters', Burlington Magazine 29:165 (Rhagfyr. 1916), tud.374

Cysylltiadau

Prifysgol Concordia, Montreal

The Pin Lifting Challenge. Excavating Roman objects from a soil block

Everything has now been recorded, so the next step is to lift the pins! The decorative pins were once attached to an organic material, possibly leather, this has now gone, replaced by soil and once the soil has been removed there will be nothing holding the pins together. So the challenge is to lift and conserve the pins in such a way to preserve the original fish scale pattern and any dimensions of the group, which may help identify this mystery object in the future.

A bit of a challenge, so I decided to lift only small sections at a time, which does mean breaking up the largest surviving section unfortunately, but I should be able to reconstruct this later.

In the first image you can see that some of the pins are facing up and some facing down, indicating that the material the pins were once attached to was folded, this has perished leaving the pins in this position. So now it’s not just a mystery object it’s also a layered mystery object! Oh joy!

On the next image, outlined in white, is the first section to be tackled; I thought I’d start with the smallest and simplest first! The upper surface of the pins is faced up with Japanese tissue and adhesive. Once dry I excavate round and under the section then lift and turn it over.

Not as straight forward as I thought as something new appears, not just pins, but a disc headed stud. The x-ray also reveals the remains of a chain, plus a line of dome headed studs

On cleaning, the chain can clearly be seen attached to the stud and would have once been suspended from it, possibly linking up to another stud elsewhere on the armour. There are also enough dome headed studs running in a line to suggest they were part of a deliberate pattern. The remains of a tinned surface and therefore white metal finish survive on the upper surface of the stud and at the end of the pin there is a washer or rove identical to that on the plaque featured on the previous blog. So there is a good chance that they were once part of the same object, but again it’s too early to be sure.

The disc and pins are now cleaned and preserved, in the last photo they are laid out as they were in the ground. The dome headed pins were in direct contact with the disc suggesting they were on the same layer as the stud, which was facing downwards in the soil and attached to something folded under the layer with fish scale pins, which were facing up. Hope that makes sense!

Now to tackle the next section and I have a feeling that this may be full of surprises as well.

Gwylio'r crocws!

Crocws:

Gwyliwch eich crocws yn ofalus iawn dros yr wythnosau nesaf. Gall blodeuo ar unrhyw adeg nawr, yn enwedig os yw eich ysgol yn y De neu ger yr arfordir. Gweler yr adroddiadau isod o ysgolion sydd wedi gweld arwyddion bod eu blodau ar y ffordd.

Ers 6 Ionawr fy Nghrocws wedi tyfu 1cm yn dalach. Mae'r dail bach a blagur wedi gwthio drwy'r pridd, felly rwy'n rhagweld y byddaf yn cael rhywfaint o flodau'r wythnos nesaf, neu'r un ar ôl. Gweler fy llun a'i gymharu ag eich pen eich hun.

Cennin Pedr:

Mae fy Nghennin Pedr yn 6 cm dalach, ond rwy'n credu y gallent eu cymryd 3-5 wythnos arall i flodeuo.

Mae'r cennin Pedr wnes I blannu yn hydref 2010 eisoes wedi tyfu eu blagur, felly dylai fod dim ond wythnos neu ddwy nawr cyn iddynt flodeuo. Edrychwch ar y lluniau i wybod beth i edrych am - pan fydd rhai chi yn dechrau ymddangos.

Atebion i'ch sylwadau:

 

Westwood CP School - Bulbs are starting to push through - no flowers yet - not too far away. Prof.P: Great news - I can't wait to see the pics!

 

Ysgol Bro Cinmeirch - Wythnos gwlyb iawn yma! Athro Ardd: Gobeithio bod y bwrw wedi gorffen nawr!

 

Stanford in the Vale School - Dear Professor plant. What a week! Bitter cold at the start of the week and then considerably warmer towards the end of the week! The children have been hoping for snow :-) Kind regards, Gardening Club. Prof.P: Yes the weather has been very changeable, snow would be lovely but it could harm the flowers!

 

Woodplumpton Primary School - We are excited that some of our bulbs have started to grow. Now we are looking closely every day and worrying a bit about ones that haven't appeared! Prof.P: Great that some bulbs are coming through, don't worry about the others they should come in their own good time!

 

Christchurch CP School - Some of the bulbs started to grow. Green shoots have started to come though! Excellent news! Prof.P: Watch them very carefully now.

 

Laugharne VCP School - We were very excited when we returned to school after the Christmas break to discover that 8 of our daffodils and one of our crocuses have started to grow! We couldn't believe it very early! Prof.P: So exciting! Keep watching to catch those flowering dates.

 

Tom Sharpe's Antarctic Diary Sunday 4 December 2011

Sunday 4 December 2011

A bright, clear, sunny morning gave us our first good look at Macquarie Island, its straight steep eastern side plunging into the sea. On the shore we could see a beach packed with King penguins.

We had hoped to take the zodiacs out to cruise amongst the swimming Kings but a southerly wind was too strong and the swell too big for safety. But the Kings came to us instead. They are curious birds, and hundreds of them swam all around the ship.

Soon it was time to leave and we set off along the eastern side of Macquarie and out into the Southern Ocean. Once well out of sight of land, we were accompanied by several pairs of light-mantled sooty albatross which soared alongside our ship.

Below, skimming the waves, flashes of blue were Antarctic prions, while farther out, the huge white wingspan of a wandering albatross swept back and forth low above the water.

Monday 5 December 2011

It's going to take us two full days at sea to our next landfall, at Hobart in Tasmania, where my Antarctic journey will end. So all day today we've been rolling back and forth in the swell of the Tasman Sea and we've another day of it to go.

This is the time to look back on where we've been and what we've seen. A visit to Antarctica is always special, but this visit to the Ross Sea has been truly extraordinary. It's a difficult place to get to - we had to break our way through 900 miles of pack ice to reach 77o 50° South - and the landscape is like no other. It's one of those places where you find it hard to believe that you are really there.

It's been an amazing and moving experience to visit the century-old huts of the Scott and Shackleton expeditions, and one can only be in awe of their achievements, not just in their exploration of new lands but in the scientific work they did here, often in the severest conditions.

Having been to their expedition bases and to some of the sites they visited, I'm looking forward to re-reading the accounts of their expeditions, and especially that of Scott's last expedition, the centenary of which will be marked next year with a number of events in the UK.

I'm sure that much of what I've seen and experienced on this trip deep below the Antarctic Circle will enhance our forthcoming exhibition,

Captain Scott:South for Science

, and the activities we have planned around it. But for now, it's back to the rolling sea.

Blodau gwyllt y gaeaf

Efallai, i chi yn cofio ein lluniau rhyfedd o rosod a llygad y dydd yn blodeuo ym mis Rhagfyr? Wel, mae botanegwr, Dr Tim Rich, sy'n gweithio ar gyfer Amgueddfa Cymru wedi ymchwilio ymhellach i mewn i'r digwyddiadau anarferol.

Ar ddiwrnod y flwyddyn newydd fe gyfrif faint o wahanol fathau o blanhigion oedd yn blodeuo yn y gaeaf. Canfu fod y tywydd cynnes wedi caniatáu 63 anhygoel blodau gwyllt i flodeuo, sy'n llawer mwy na'r cyfartaledd arferol o 20-30 rhywogaeth. Gweler y newyddion adroddiadau isod sy'n egluro canfyddiadau ei ymchwiliad.

Efallai y gallech chi gyfrif y nifer o blanhigion gwyllt sydd yn blodeuo o gwmpas eich ysgol? Danfonwch un rhyw luniau i mewn. Yn y cyfamser, yr wyf wedi cael llawer o adroddiadau o ysgolion yn dweud wrthyf fod eu cennin Pedr a chrocws yn dechrau tyfu!

Cysylltiadau:

BBC Breakfast bore heddiw a BBC News yn fyw drwy'r dydd

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16503250

Gwrandwch ar Tim Rich ar raglen Roy Noble BBC Radio Wales am 3pm

Gwrandwch eto ar Tim Rich ar raglen Today ar BBC Radio 4 bore heddiw http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9675000/9675422.stm

Western Mail http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/need-to-read/2012/01/08/unseasonably-warm-weather-sees-doubling-of-wild-flowers-in-cardiff-91466-30081765/

BBC Wales Online http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-16465133

www.museumwales.ac.uk/scan/bylbiau

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