William Goscombe John (1860-1952) Oliver Fairclough, 10 Rhagfyr 2011 Morpheus William Goscombe John (1860 - 1952) Icarus Sir Alfred Gilbert (1854 - 1934) Roedd Cymru yn yr oes Edwardaidd yn gyforiog o gyfoeth y diwydiannau glo, haearn a dur, ac yn llawn cyfleon i gerflunydd. Mae cofebion cyhoeddus William Goscombe John i'w gweld ledled Cymru ond yn enwedig yn ei dref enedigol, Caerdydd. Ef hefyd a ddyluniodd medalau buddugol yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, sy'n dal i gael eu defnyddio heddiw. Torri cwys Ganwyd William John yng Nghaerdydd ym Mawrth 1860. Mabwysiadodd yr enw Goscombe o bentref yn Swydd Gaerloyw ger hen gartref ei fam. Roedd ei dad, Thomas John, yn gerfiwr coed yn y gweithdai a sefydlodd yr Arglwydd Bute i ailwampio Castell Caerdydd. Ymunodd William â'i dad pan yn 14, gan astudio yn Ysgol Gelf Caerdydd ar yr un pryd. Ym 1881 symudodd i Lundain fel disgybl gynorthwy-ydd i Thomas Nicholls, y cerflunydd oedd yn gyfrifol am Wal Anifeiliaid y Castell. Parhaodd â'i astudiaethau yn Ysgol Gelf Kensington, ac yn Ysgolion yr Academi Frenhinol o 1884, lle y dysgodd fodelu naturiaethol mewn clai yn y dull Ffrengig, dull a gyflwynwyd i Lundain yn y 1870au gan Jules Dalou. Roedd yn fyfyriwr athrylithgar, ac fe deithiodd ymhell. Treuliodd flwyddyn ym Mharis, yn cynnwys cyfnod yn stiwdio Rodin. Ym 1890 dychwelodd i Lundain ac ymsefydlu yn St John's Wood. Mae ei gerflun Morpheus, a ddangoswyd yn Salon Paris ym 1892, yn dangos yn amlwg ddylanwad Rodin. Y 'Gerflunwaith Newydd' Nod cerflunwyr yng nghenhedlaeth John oedd ceisio creu cerfluniau mwy dynamig drwy bortreadu'r corff dynol mewn modd hynod naturiaethol. Dyma benllanw traddodiad cerfluniol oedd â'i wreiddiau yng nghyfnod y Dadeni, a dyma Rodin a'i gymdeithion yn aildanio'r traddodiad yn Ffrainc yng nghanol y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg. Dilynwyd llwyddiant Morpheus gan gerflun o Ioan Fedyddiwr ar gyfer yr Arglwydd Bute, a grŵp o noethluniau maint llawn yn cynnwys Bachgen yn Chwarae a Coblyn. Mae'r rhain yn dangos ei feistrolaeth wrth lunio'r ffurf ddynol. Erbyn diwedd y 1890au roedd Goscombe John wedi gwneud enw i'w hun, ac wedi arddangos ei waith yn genedlaethol ac yn rhyngwladol. Daeth sawl comisiwn cyhoeddus mawr i'w law ac roedd yn brysur iawn yn y blynyddoedd cyn y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf. Cymru a'r Ymerodraeth Er ei fod yn byw yn Llundain, roedd John yn ystyried ei hun yn gerflunydd cenedlaethol Cymru. Ym 1916 cyfrannodd ganolbwynt marmor Bendith Dewi Sant i'r Bobl i grŵp o ddeg ffigwr a wnaed ar gyfer Neuadd y Ddinas Caerdydd. Derbyniodd sawl comisiwn hefyd gan Gymry blaenllaw'r oes. Adeiladodd John ei yrfa drwy ffyddlondeb i noddwyr lleol, ond derbyniai waith o bob cwr o'r Ymerodraeth, megis Beddrod y Prif Weinidog Ceidwadol, yr Arglwydd Salisbury, yn Abaty Westminster, a'i gerflun marchogol o'r Brenin Edward VII yn Capetown. Ei gerflun cyhoeddus mawr cyntaf oedd cofeb Catrawd y Brenin (1905) yng nghanol Lerpwl; gwaith oedd yn ymgorffori milwyr o hanes y gatrawd, yn cynnwys y Drymiwr Bach anferth, ei waith enwocaf. Cyfunwyd y Cymreig a'r Ymerodrol mewn comisiwn ar gyfer regalia arwisgo'r Tywysog Edward (Edward VIII yn ddiweddarach) yng Nghastell Caernarfon ym 1911. Dyluniodd John goron, modrwy, teyrnwialen a chleddyf oedd yn ymgorffori eiconau 'Cymreig' o ddreigiau, cennin Pedr a chlymau Celtaidd. Doedd gan John fawr i'w ddweud am gerflunwaith modern a elwai yn gerflunwaith 'Ynys y Pasg', gyda'i bwyslais ar gerfio'n uniongyrchol i'r garreg. Roedd tuedd beirniadol yn datblygu hebddo erbyn 1914, ond daeth trasiedi'r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf â sawl comisiwn newydd am gofebion, nifer ohonynt yng Nghymru. Goscombe John a'r Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Roedd Goscombe John yn un o sylfaenwyr Amgueddfa Cymru a bu'n aelod o'r Cyngor am dros deugain mlynedd gan chwarae rôl flaenllaw wrth bennu tuedd y casgliad celf i'r dyfodol. Yn ogystal â chasgliad cynhwysfawr o'i weithiau ei hun, mae ei roddion i'r Amgueddfa yn cynnwys gwaith nifer o'i gyfoedion yn y mudiad Cerflunwaith Newydd, yn cynnwys Icarus, gan Alfred Gilbert a gweithiau gan nifer o artistiaid a edmygai.
Polychaete research in the Falklands by Teresa Darbyshire - day 25 Peter Howlett, 9 Rhagfyr 2011 Wow, what a glorious day! It’s a bank holiday here but unlike most in the UK, a bank holiday with fantastic weather. The temperature is 18degC, that may not sound that high but it feels very warm and the burn factor is quite high. It’s been strange driving along listening to the radio reporting the weather in the UK which I hear is particularly bad right now. I am very thankful for being where I am!This morning’s sampling site was Sand Bay, near Port Harriet, about a half hour drive out of Stanley. The bay opens out quickly to a wide area of sand (photo 1). The sand varies quite widely across the bay from very coarse to fine, sometimes with gravel or rocks and in other places just sand. The animals themselves also seemed to change accordingly so it was worth dotting my sampling sites around the bay.Although at first this bay didn’t seem that much different to several of the other sites I’ve been to, a couple of the samples turned up some very different animals.The most interesting was in a patch of the ‘solid’ sand, no stones but with some layers of old plant material as you dug down. Burrowing into those layers were a different sort of ragworm to any of those I’ve seen in any of my other samples, with striking red and white colours along its body (photo 2). I spent a while collecting several of these as they were obviously a different species to those I already had.There was also a different type of paddleworm, the longest yet (photo 3), from one of the other sample spots. I only found one of these though.By the time the tide turned, I had a large collection of pots from the different sites around the bay and a few animals that I already knew would be new to my list. As I wanted to get some photos of the ragworm with its colours I decided to go back into Stanley to the Fisheries lab rather than head straight out towards Darwin. I wasn’t that far away and it was worth the time. After a quick photo session I then got back on the road again, back out past where I had already been that morning and on to Darwin which would be nearly a 2 hour drive.As it was such a warm and dry day I had the window open slightly but wasn’t prepared for just how much dust was created driving along the gravel roads. It was only when I arrived here at Darwin that I realised that the car, both inside as well as out, and myself, were coated in the dust.I have been given instructions on how to get to the two creeks I want to sample tomorrow and hopefully they will also provide some interesting finds to end the week.
christmas decorations part two. Sian Lile-Pastore, 9 Rhagfyr 2011 In my last post I mentioned that I would be running a drop in arts and crafts session on the 17th december in Oriel 1, St Fagans: National History Museum. We will be taking inspiration from 1950s decorations, and to get some good ideas I went around the site with my camera the other day and took these photos. Do you have anything similar at home? don't forget to let me know your memories of Christmas decorations in your house when you were growing up too!
Polychaete research in the Falklands by Teresa Darbyshire - day 24 Peter Howlett, 8 Rhagfyr 2011 Back out to the shore this morning with Freya for company once again. We were only going a short distance outside of Stanley to an inlet called Mullet Creek (photo 1). This was a stream flowing down towards a sea inlet surrounded by coarse gravelly sand at the higher end, changing to a medium sand further down towards the sea. It was surprisingly less soft than I expected but still had a similar fauna to the site I sampled up at Mount Kent that had been much softer. It wasn’t quite as far down to the sea as it had been at Mount Kent, where I never even got close to finding where the sea had gone to).I collected more of the Boccardia species (photo 2) that I thought might be different to the first one I had found which burrows into hard places such as the calcareous algae. These are very small and require a long time spent kneeling on the sand teasing them out of the surface layers (photo 3). There were also more paraonids, including more whole specimens, which is always good to find as opposed to small pieces!The sea did still go out a long way as the inlet was very shallow. We were still heading down it when we came up to a fence that came part way out into the inlet. This was a minefield warning fence and so that was the end of our journey down the inlet. We still managed 6 separate sampling spots spaced out ranging from what would be ‘high shore’ to what was virtually ‘low shore’ so we didn’t do badly.The sun didn’t come out for most of our sampling which kept it a little cool but also meant we were less likely to burn. It did come out as soon as we were finished though to warm us up.A few hours back at the lab going through the samples and then a bit more formaldehyde to alcohol changing finished off the day.The next couple of days will be quite busy. I’ll be sampling at Port Harriet tomorrow morning, a little further out from Stanley than I went today and then from there I’m heading west to Darwin for the night. Darwin is a couple of hours away on a narrow strip of land that connects the two sections of East Falkland, one northeast the other southwest, together. With sea on both sides but from completely different sides of the island, I’ll be able to sample two sites on Friday morning which have tides nearly two and a half hours apart. I’ll then head back to Stanley where I can sort the samples out in the evening. That will then be the last of the shore sampling!
Eich Cwestiynau a sylwadau Danielle Cowell, 8 Rhagfyr 2011 Cwestiynau gan ysgolion sy'n cymryd rhan yn y prosiect Bylbiau'r Gwanwyn i Ysgolion www.museumwales.ac.uk/scan/bylbiauWoodplumpton Primary SchoolQ: We heard on the radio that someone had seen crocus bulbs that had begun to grow. They said it was very early and a sign of global warming. We were very interested and talked about how we probably would not have taken any notice if we weren't part of the project. We were also a bit worried because there is no sign of life with our bulbs!Ans: I'm delighted to hear that you are discussing global warming and linking it to the bulbs you are growing in your school and the reports you hear on the radio. Global warming can seem like something far awar and remote, but by studying our wildlife and flowers carefully we can see that it is happening in our gardens and very relevant to us all. Don't worry about your bulbs, they shouldn't be coming up yet. Thanks Prof. P.Bishop Childs C.I.W Primary. Q:How are we doing? Ans: You are doing really well Bishop Childs - keep up the good work! Prof P.Ysgol Bro Cinmeirch. Pawb yn mwynhau! Falch i clywed! Athro'r Ardd.Stanford in the Vale Primary SchoolThird week....crazy week of observations...warm,cold, warmer!Woodplumpton Primary SchoolQ: We are very surprised at how little rain we are getting and are a bit worried about the bulbs getting enough water. Ans: If the soil becomes very dry please water them. Thanks Prof. PSherwood Primary SchoolWe have just had a terrential downpour just before we sent the records - that is why Friday's rain may seem high!Westwood CP SchoolVery mild since started recording. It won't be long before the crocuses start pushing through! Ans: They should start to appear in January. Prof. PSherwood Primary SchoolSchool was shut on Wednesday for the National Strike, so Thursday's rainfall results may be inflated. We planted a few spare daffs and they have begun to shoot! The children are excited! Ans: Wow this is early - many flowers are appearing across the country. Prof P.