Mae Juliet Hodgkiss yw Uwch Gadwraethwr Gerddi Amgueddfa Cymru. Mae hi'n arwain tîm ymroddedig o arddwyr a gwirfoddolwyr yn Sain Ffagan, sy'n gofalu am y gerddi a'u casgliadau o blanhigion treftadaeth arbennig. Mewn ymateb i ddiddordeb cynyddol yn ein gerddi ein hunain, a dyhead cynyddol am harddwch rhai o erddi godidog ein cenhedloedd yn ystod y cyfyngiadau symud, dros yr ychydig ddyddiau diwethaf rydyn ni wedi bod yn casglu'ch cwestiynau chi i Juliet am ei gwaith. Dyma ei hatebion yn ein fersiwn ‘treftadaeth’ ni o Gardener’s Questiontime.

Beth yw'r peth gorau am eich swydd?

Y peth gorau am fy swydd yw cael fy nhalu i weithio mewn gerddi mor brydferth. Mae gennym ni amrywiaeth eang o erddi, felly rydw i'n gwneud rhywbeth gwahanol bob dydd. Rwyf hefyd yn cael cwrdd â chymaint o bobl wych trwy fy ngwaith - staff, gwirfoddolwyr, ymwelwyr, cyd-arddwyr a mwy.

Pa un o erddi Sant Fagan yw eich hoff un a pham?

Yr adeg hon o'r flwyddyn, fy hoff ran o'r gerddi yw'r ardal ger y pyllau. Trwy gydol y gwanwyn, mae banciau'r teras wedi'u gorchuddio â bylbiau gwanwyn; cennin Pedr, clychau'r gog a ffritil, i gyd uwchben carped o anemonïau. Daw’r godidog Magnolia ‘Isca’ i'w blodau yn gyntaf, ac yna’r ceirios a’r afalau. Y goeden ddiweddaraf i flodeuo yw'r Davidia, gyda'i bracts gwyn anferth sy'n siglo yn yr awel, gan roi ei henw iddi - y goeden hances.

Pa un yw'r planhigyn prinnaf yn y casgliad?

Un o'r planhigion prinnaf sydd gennym yw rhosyn Bardou Job, a oedd yn un o'r rhosod gwreiddiol yn yr Ardd Rhosod. Credwyd bod hwn wedi diflannu, yna cafodd ei ail-ddarganfod gan grŵp o selogion rhosyn, yn tyfu yn hen ardd prif warder ar Alcatraz! Fe'i lluosogwyd, a danfonwyd 6 rhosyn atom i dyfu yn ein gerddi. Mae gennym hefyd gasgliad o datws treftadaeth, a roddwyd i ni gan Asiantaeth Ymchwil Amaethyddol yr Alban.

Un o'r tatws rydyn ni'n eu tyfu yw'r Lumper, y tatws a dyfwyd ar adeg newyn tatws Iwerddon. Ni ellir prynu'r rhain, felly mae'n rhaid i ni eu tyfu bob blwyddyn i gynnal ein casgliad.

Pa un yw'r planhigyn anoddaf y mae'n rhaid i chi fynd i'r afael ag ef - un sydd anoddaf i'w gynnal?

Y planhigion anoddaf i'w cadw yw'r tatws treftadaeth. Mae'n rhaid i ni dyfu'r rhain bob blwyddyn i gynnal ein casgliad, ac mae'r rhan fwyaf o'r hen amrywiaethau hyn yn agored iawn i falltod, felly mae angen eu rheoli'n ofalus i sicrhau cnwd da.

Pa un yw'r planhigyn anoddaf i'w reoli?

Y planhigyn anoddaf i'w reoli yw Oxalis, chwyn parhaus gyda deilen debyg i feillion, sy'n lluosi trwy fylbiau. Mae'r bylbiau hyn yn cael eu lledaenu pan fydd y pridd yn cael ei drin. Mae bron yn amhosibl ei ddileu. Ar ôl treulio blynyddoedd yn ceisio ei chwynnu, rydyn ni nawr yn ei gadw dan reolaeth gyda phlannu a gorchuddio tomwellt.

Pa un yw eich hoff amser o'r flwyddyn yn yr ardd?

Fy hoff amser o'r flwyddyn yw'r gwanwyn, gyda bylbiau'r gwanwyn, coed yn blodeuo, y rhedyn yn agor eu ffrondiau, a'r holl blanhigion yn yr ardd yn blaguro i dyfiant. Mae popeth yn edrych yn ffres a newydd, ac rydyn ni arddwyr yn llawn gobaith am flwyddyn wych o'n blaenau yn yr ardd.

With light and warm days of Summer being now a sweet memory we invite Autumn in with all its glory and grandeur. The leaves of the trees turning gold, orange and red create a feeling of warmth within comforting us and adapting our minds to the colder months ahead.

This year has been particularly different to me. I have been spending more days outdoors working in the garden, going for walks and being close to nature. This lifestyle change has been so beneficial both physically and mentally that I now welcome Autumn with different eyes. I remember when I used to dread this time of the year and would close myself into my cocoon thinking why don’t humans hibernate? But Autumn has so much to offer if we only challenge ourselves to spend more time in contact with nature.

The crispness of the air, the fallen leaves on the floor, the golden hues of the trees and the soft and delicate light can be only appreciated if we venture ourselves out of our comfort zones.

St Fagans Museum is a wonderful place to visit at this time of the year. The magnificent variety of trees changing colour and creating a crunchy carpet of leaves is the perfect invitation for a long walk.

There is one garden located on the terraced path near the ponds that was specifically designed with Autumn colours in mind. There you can find the bright red Euonymus alatus known as “Winged Spindle” or “Burning Bush”, the oriental Acer palmatum, the beautiful red berries of the Cotoneaster horizontalis and other amazing varieties in a beautiful display of colour. This garden is embraced by the gigantic Fern-leaved Beech (Fagus salvatica ‘Aspleniiflora’) one of the oldest trees planted in the Museum dating back to 1872.

If you enjoy gardening there are plenty of tasks that will keep you warm and busy at this time of the year. The joys of planting bulbs with great expectations for Spring or the meditative task of sweeping leaves and gathering them to make leaf mould. Also the perfect time for planting trees as they will have plenty of moisture available to get established.

So wrap up warm, get your wellies or winter boots on and explore the wonderful natural sites that bless the Welsh land.

August is the most fragrant month here in St. Fagans gardens as we just finished trimming back and harvesting our lavender shrubs. We prune them at this time of the year to remove old flowers and give them a chance to grow new foliage before the Autumn/Winter months.

A well known favourite the lavender has a unique and distinguishable fragrance that is grown for ornamental, aromatic, medicinal and culinary purposes. They are sun loving plants and require a well drained soil.

Lavender is such a versatile plant suiting different garden styles and pleasing the most varied tastes. In St. Fagans you can find hundreds of plants of different species. You will see them in our herb garden, surrounding the fountain in the Dutch Garden, dotted amongst perennials in flower borders, as lavender hedges by the greenhouse and  complimenting the romantic style of the Rosery. A true aromatic heaven!

Lavandula is a genus of 47 known species, here you can find the well known Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’, the beautiful white flowers of the Lavandula x intermedia ‘Edelweiss’ and one of my favourites the Lavandula x intermedia ‘Grosso’. This particular species is a hybrid cross between the Lavandula angustifolia (English lavender) and the Lavandula latifolia (Portuguese lavender). They are larger, more robust and have longer stalks with bluish purple flower heads making them perfect for cut flowers.

Lavender is also a wonderful culinary ingredient. Most varieties can be used in cooking, however the Lavandula angustifolia ‘Munstead’ is more widely used. They taste great in cakes, scones, jams and as a tea. Add 1 tsp. of dried lavender flowers to a cup of water, let it steep for 10 minutes and enjoy! It’s perfect for calming the mind and helping you drift into dreamland.

When harvested most of our flowers are dried in our potting shed and used to create lavender bags, beautiful dried flower arrangements and other products that can be seasonally found in the Museum store. We also use them in our historic buildings as decoration and inside mattresses to repel insects as they would have done years ago.

If you stroll through St Fagans National Museum of History in August you will be exposed to an exuberant display of color, texture and fragrance at the Dutch Garden. Located at the parterre next to the Castle, this is one of the most beautiful historic gardens in Wales!

As you walk through the symmetrical paths you will find a variety of grasses such as the impressive gold Stipa gigantea, the bright green Sesleria autumnalis and the graceful Sporobulous heterolepis surrounding the Cherub statues. These all add texture and the dreamlike feel to the garden. There is also plenty of colour in a palette of purple, blue and red from flowers contrasted with the gold and bright green of grasses. You will notice the Verbena bonariensis with tall stems and clusters of purple miniature flowers, the vigorous blue Geranium Rosanne and the Helenium Moerheim Beauty with dark orange red flowers amongst a variety of Sedums and other cultivars.

I suggest that you visit this magnificent garden through different seasons of the year as it goes through a magical transformation.

This garden has changed a lot over the years. The most recent design was created by our talented Deputy Head Gardener Ceri Goring and maintained by a team of gifted gardeners and volunteers. This sustainable and drought tolerant garden has been carefully planned to withstand dry summer months, saving not only water but also the gardener’s hosing time.

If you walk around the fountain on a warm summer day your senses will be awakened by the fragrance of the lavender hedges, the buzzing of the pollinating bees, the tranquil sound of the cascading water and the impressive visual display of one of the most beautiful gardens in Wales.

A Year at St Fagans Gardens.

Ever wondered what gardeners do in winter?

Hello and sut mae. This is my first blog entry and it’s my story about being a trainee gardener and Welsh learner at St Fagans over the course of 14 months. I’d better start by telling you a bit about myself. I arrived on the Heritage Horticulture Skills Scheme (HHSS) last September and I’ll be blogging about what I get up to until I finish the course in November.

Before I became involved in the scheme I was a self-employed ‘maintenance’ gardener for several years in Cardiff. My technical knowledge was limited and I was really looking to learn new skills through practical experience. I also wanted to expand my knowledge of plants and horticulture techniques. In the past I’d tried doing this through books and YouTube videos, but I soon realised that what I really needed was some kind of gardening guru to guide me. When I heard about the HHSS scheme I got very excited and knew it would be perfect for me as it was an opportunity to learn a huge amount in a practical hands-on way, with guidance from experts in the field.

So, here we are in mid-Feb and I can’t believe I’ve been on the scheme for just over 5 months already. It’s been incredibly busy and I haven’t had much time to stop and think. The months have flown by. In this post I’ll be talking about what I and the other trainees have been doing over winter. Lots of people think that winter is a quiet time without much going on in the garden. A time to tidy up the shed, clean your tools, and think about your summer planting scheme. Don’t believe that for a second. Trust me, there’s plenty to do!

During the winter months the daylight hours are shorter and weather conditions can be harsh at times, but in a place like St Fagans the gardens are so varied there’s always a job that you can get on with. There are lots of plants that benefit from pruning at this time of year including fruit trees and bushes, late flowering shrubs, roses and some climbers. In the past few weeks we’ve tackled a few of these, and used different techniques to suit the individual needs of the plants.

Why prune at this time of year?

In winter, deciduous plants shed their leaves and that makes it much easier to see its general structure. There is also less chance of transmitting diseases from one plant to another or attracting insects to fresh pruning wounds. Sap producing plants will bleed heavily if you prune when the sap is rising. Many of these are dormant over winter and bleeding is not so much of a problem if you prune at this time of year. As you may have already gathered, this post is going to focus on winter pruning techniques.

The first thing to remember when pruning any plant is the 4 D’s: always remove Dead, Diseased, Damaged or Displaced material, in that order!

There are 4 main types of pruning:

·         Formative pruning encourages growth and builds the basic framework in a young plant.

·         Maintenance pruning improves the look of the plant as well as increasing the amount of fruit or flowers.

·         Regenerative pruning – If you have a plant that’s been left to itself and grown out of control for a few years, there’s no need to panic. Certain plants can be restored. This type of pruning can help you manage the growth, size and the overall look. It’s often an intimidating prospect. But, if you have an idea about what you’re doing and you feel brave, it can give your old plants a new lease of life. And save you throwing them out, when all they need is a good prune.

·         Specialised pruning creates and maintains an attractive look. If you’ve always wanted a hedge in the shape of an elephant, then Topiary is a form of specialised pruning that might be right up your street.

Now that you know the basic rules, I’ll talk a little bit more in depth about what we’ve been doing recently.

Pollarding Lime (Tilia) trees

It’s best to Pollard Lime trees annually in late winter or early spring if you want to restrict height. Prune the new shoots back to a bud, 1-2cm from the pollarded head. This will also stimulate new shoot production for the following spring.

Wisteria

Wisteria can grow 10-12ft in a season, it’s a beast, and benefits from pruning twice annually in summer and winter. At this time of year we prune the lateral growth back to 2 or 3 buds on each spur shoot. These spurs will bear the following season’s majestic display of flowers.

Standard Apple Trees

Apple trees are pruned to manage fruit buds and the shoots they grow on. Not, as many people think, to control the size of the tree. Start by concentrating on one main branch at a time. Find the leader and work your way down to the main trunk. Cut the leader by a third, leaving a bud facing the direction you want the new growth to follow. Prune back any laterals to 2-3 buds. Thin out large groups of spurs because too many will produce small fruits and it’s much better to have less quantity, but bigger and better quality.

Hard Pruning Yew (Taxus baccata) Hedges

We decided to prune back hard the Yew hedges down by the ponds because they had grown too wide, and in places the height was obscuring the pretty spectacular view. Yew responds well to renovation pruning, but it’s best carried out staggered over a few years. This year we concentrated on one side and the top. We used string lines tied to bamboo canes to mark out a straight cutting guide. We cut back hard using loppers and secateurs to reduce the height and width, and to re-shape where needed. After hard pruning it’s always good idea to apply feed and mulch at the base to give the plant a bit of extra nutrition and TLC while it recovers.

Rose Pruning

A few of the other HHSS trainees from other gardens on the scheme joined us just last week for a Rose pruning workshop led by St Fagans gardener Julie. Our task was to give the Roses a light annual prune. Different Roses respond better to different styles of pruning. We were each given a specific Rose bed, a map, and a list of the Roses with their pruning preferences. I was working with ‘Gruss an Teplitz’, which are a beautiful and fragrant old Hybrid Tea which prefer to be pruned thin. The first move was to remove any dead, diseased and damaged or displaced material. The 4 D’s! Next I thinned out the centre to produce a well-balanced open shape, and removed any crossing stems to stop them from rubbing against and damaging each other. I removed some of the very old, less productive wood to encourage new growth from the base. Always remember to prune to just above an outward facing bud, and make sure the cut slopes away from this to shed water.